Font Basics for Branding Your Small Business
There are many components of a brand identity: logo, color
palette, font choice, and the Visual Vocabulary. There's a
lot of information available about the use of logos,
colors, and Visual Vocabulary, but not much on the
effective use of fonts. So, here's some information on the
creative, practical, and technical aspects of fonts.
Font basics
A font is a set of all the letters in the alphabet,
designed with similar characteristics. This is also known
as a typeface.
Fonts are usually designed to include several style
variations. This can include styles like light, regular,
bold, semibold, ultra bold, and italic. Some fonts also
include "Expert" versions, which are fonts that include
fractions and mathematical symbols.
Font families are typically packages of fonts that include
all of the different versions of a font. Using fonts with
large families will give you a wide range of fonts to use
in your materials, for variety and emphasis.
There are many basic classifications of fonts. Four of the
most common classes of fonts are:
- Serif fonts, which have little "feet," called serifs, at
the ends of the lines that make up the letters. Some
examples of serif fonts include Times, Palatino, and
Garamond. These fonts are more traditional, elegant, and
old-fashioned.
- Sans-serif fonts don't have those feet. "Sans serif"
means "without serifs." Arial, Verdana, Tahoma, and
Helvetica are some of the most common sans-serif fonts.
These fonts are more clean and modern.
- Script fonts are calligraphic or cursive fonts. Brush
Script and Nuptial Script are two common script fonts.
- Display fonts are decorative and often used for logos or
headlines.
There are other types of fonts as well, including
handwriting fonts and all-caps fonts. However, the four
listed above are the most common and useful in business
communications.
Creative font usage guidelines
Each type of font has certain characteristics that
translate into that font's personality. A font might be
serious or light-hearted, traditional or modern, legible or
decorative, or any number of other personality traits. The
traits of the font that you use in your marketing materials
and business communications should reflect and enhance your
company's brand.
Your company should have designated fonts to use in the
following situations:
- A logo font, which is typically not one of the fonts that
come installed on Windows machines: it should be more
unique and interesting. Some logos will have two or three
different fonts in them. If this is the case, then consider
using one of those fonts as the secondary font as well.
- A secondary font, used for headlines, sub-headlines,
taglines, special text such as graphics and captions, and
decorative text such as pull quotes, which are the large
quotes that are used decoratively in articles and
documents. This can be the same font as is used in your
logo. This is typically an interesting and unique font as
well. This may also be used as the font for your contact
information in your stationery, depending on its legibility.
- A tertiary font is optional and may be used when the
secondary font is not always legible, for mid-length texts
such as pull quotes and contact information.
- A serif text font, for lengthy printed documents. Printed
materials are more easily read if they are in serif font
rather than sans-serif font.
- A sans-serif font, for shorter printed documents and
on-screen use. Text on a computer monitor is easier to read
in a sans-serif font than in a serif font.
- A website font, which may be the same font as is used as
the main sans-serif text font, depending on how that font
translates for online viewing.
All of these fonts should have similar or contrasting
characteristics. Choosing fonts with similar
characteristics will make your fonts match and create
consistency throughout your documents. Choosing fonts with
contrasting characteristics will build visual texture and
interest into your materials. For example, you could pick
all thin, sans-serif fonts such as Arial and Frutiger to
create a harmonious, matching suite of fonts. Or you could
pick fonts with contrasting characteristics to create
greater interest, such as using a serif font like Palatino
for the headlines and then using a sans-serif font like
Verdana for the text.
Each piece of marketing material or document created should
have a maximum of three or four families of fonts on them.
(A font family includes all of the bold and italic
variations of a particular font, so using bold or italic
effects does not count as additional fonts.) Using more
than three or four fonts is confusing, and it looks
unprofessional.
Practical font usage guidelines
Fonts can require special consideration when you send
materials to a professional printer for reproduction, use
them on your website, or send Word documents to others.
Here are some basics on using fonts and preserving their
appearance in these cases.
- In printed materials, it's easier to read long blocks of
copy that is set in a serif font. Sans-serif fonts are
usually used in print for short blocks of information, like
headlines, pull quotes, or bulleted lists.
- When sending your materials to be professionally printed,
make sure to address your desires regarding the use of
fonts. You can either include the fonts with the files you
send to the printer (which might be considered a copyright
license infringement), rasterize your artwork (convert it
to pixels, so the font data is no longer needed), or
outline your fonts (creating shapes out of the fonts, an
option that's available in most vector art programs such as
Adobe Illustrator and Macromedia Freehand), so that they
can be printed accurately. Outlining the fonts is the best
way to guarantee that your fonts will remain accurate and
sharp.
- Online, in websites, emails, and HTML newsletters,
sans-serif fonts look the best: they're clean, clear, and
easy to read. There is one other trick to online font use:
you have to make sure that you use fonts that will be
installed on the computers of people reading your site.
Otherwise, your text will appear in the default font
selected by their browser, which is often Courier, a very
plain font. That limitation does leave you with several
fonts to choose from, though, including Verdana, Arial,
Tahoma, and Trebuchet MS.
- Serif fonts could also be used on websites; however, it's
best to use them in limited quantities, such as for
headlines and subheads. Some fonts that are available to
use on the web include Times, Times New Roman, and Georgia.
- Another issue that commonly arises with online fonts is
the difficulty in controlling the size and appearance of
those fonts. Standard font tags in HTML don't offer precise
sizing control and need to be used several times throughout
each HTML document, so making changes can be
time-consuming. You can use Cascading Style Sheets, or CSS,
to precisely control the exact size of your fonts and to
make site-wide font, size, or color changes with one simple
alteration.
- In Word Documents, you also want to make sure that the
fonts that you use for the text will be available on the
recipient's computer. Good fonts to use are the standard
fonts that come installed on PCs, which include Arial,
Verdana, Tahoma, Times New Roman, Georgia, Palatino,
Courier, and Trebuchet MS.
- In order to insert a small amount of customized text-such
as your logo, tagline, or address information-create an
image of that information and to place it in the header and
footer of the page.
- Another way to preserve the appearance of text is to
export your document as a PDF file and send it to the
recipient; PDF files embed the fonts into each document so
that they can be viewed on any computer and still look
right.
Some technical info about font file types
When you purchase fonts to use on your computer, you'll
often be given a choice of buying a Post Script, True Type,
or Open Type font. Here is a brief explanation of the
characteristics and problems with each of these formats:
- Post Script fonts are considered industry standard and
are therefore preferred by professional printers. There is
a format of Post Script fonts available for Macintosh
computers and another format available for Windows
computers; those fonts cannot be shared between Macs and
PCs.
- True Type fonts are often found on Windows machines.
These fonts do not print as well as Postscript fonts.
- Open Type fonts are the newest type of font. They are
cross-platform compatible, but many fonts aren't yet
available in this format.
With this information about the creative, practical, and
technical aspects of font usage, we hope that you can make
font choices that will enhance your brand.
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Erin Ferree is a brand identity and marketing design
strategist who creates big visibility for small businesses.
Through her customized marketing and brand identity
packages, Erin helps her clients discover their brand
differentiators, then designs logos, business cards, and
other marketing materials and websites to reflect that
differentiation, as well as to increase credibility and
memorability.
http://www.elf-design.com