Many people have used the term 'Project Management' without
a real appreciation of what Project Management actually is.
If you read the textbooks they will talk about projects as
having a beginning, a middle and an end, which is the
essential and obvious difference from normal business
operations. Text books also talk about uniqueness, a
timescale, using resources and carrying a budget. They may
also talk about risk, issue and change management. But
what does all this mean in practical terms?
If you think closely about what a project is you will
probably arrive at four broad phases. 1)An Initiation/Start
which is the stage where you decide you need a project
2)Planning is the stage where you plan the project and map
out what is going to happen when 3)Execution is the stage
where you implement the project and things start moving and
4)Closure is the stage where you decide the project is
completed (and you pay the supplier).
These four phases are called a project lifecycle. This all
sounds very complicated and business-like, so let me
explain what it means in real terms.
Imagine your old kitchen fell apart and, over breakfast one
day you said to your partner 'I think it's about time we
had a new kitchen'. Assuming your partner agrees then
congratulations, you have just initiated a project (and
achieved the buyin of a key stakeholder!)
Next stage is the planning stage where you will probably
first decide your budget. Then chances are you will want to
decide what kind of units you want so you may go to a
kitchen supplier to provide the whole lot, or you may go to
individual suppliers for the units, cooker, fridge,
electrics, plastering, tiling etc. Once you have decided
on all of this you will agree a price and a schedule,
determine whether it is within your budget, (and if it
isn't you may go through the planning cycle again). You
will also need to decide the order your suppliers come on
site (you probably don't want the tiler to come before the
plasterer). This stage will probably take the most time
(it's all in the planning!)
Next you will enter the execution stage - which is where
all your suppliers will perform their part of the project
at the specified time to the specified budget (!) and voila
- your new kitchen will be installed.
And finally, you will want to close the project. You will
inspect the suppliers work, pay them, and then tie all the
payments up into your overall budget...... simple, eh?
Whether you are aware of it or not, you have project
managed the installation of your new kitchen and in doing
so you have invoked some simple project management
processes - the obvious ones are planning, budgeting,
supplier management, but you may have also unconsciously
invoked others. For instance you may have done some risk
management (say if the kitchen is not completed on time),
communications or stakeholder management (who needs to know
that the kitchen is out of action and when will it be
completed?), contracts management (agreeing the size and
scope and payment terms of the work to be performed ),
change management (what happens if you change your mind, or
you are forced to change your mind by unforeseen
circumstances). Wittingly or not, you will most likely
have invoked some or all (or more) of these processes and
more in the management of your fairly simple kitchen
installation project.
But what if the project was a house, or a supermarket, or a
factory? These would be far more complicated to implement.
There will be more suppliers involved, more money at
stake, a greater likelihood that things could go wrong and
therefore greater risk. There are likely to be more
stakeholders, more lines of communication. It is essential
that all these items are managed, all processes and
schedules documented - and it would be very sensible to do
this through a proven process. Why re-invent the wheel
when there are tools out there which have handled these
situations before.
And this is what a Project Manager does, and is where
Project Management Methodologies and Tools come in. A good
Project Methodology will provide all the tools, all the
processes so that you can document and manage your project,
whatever its size and scope. If you work for a medium or
large company chances are it uses a project methodology to
standardise the process. For the consultant or freelance
Project Manager there are methodologies and templates you
can download from the internet and start using straight
away.
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Andrew Thompson has been a Project Manager for the best
part of 20 years delivering IT strategic projects. He has
an MBA and is PMI accredited. Andrew built his own website
in order to showcase the best Project Management articles
from around the internet (including his own!). Andrew
recommends MPMM as methodology of choice. View his website
at http://www.projectmanagementresourcebox.com